There are six tones in Vietnamese:
ma - (unmarked) mid level tone
má - high rising tone (dấu sắc sharp)
mà - low falling tone (dấu huyền hanging)
mả - low rising tone (dấu hỏi questioning)
mã - high broken tone (dấu ngã falling)
mạ - low broken tone (dấu nặng heavy)
Note: the tone marks are used with the vowels only.
The tone marks change the pronunciation of the vowels: ma má mà mả mã mạ all have different sounds.
Here are some vowels marks which form some more vowels: a ă â, e ê, o ô ơ, u ơ.
Try saying these syllables with the appropriate tone:
So ban bàn bán bạn bấn bần bẩn bận with different tones and vowels form different words. For example:
ban | section, department | bấn | extremely busy |
bàn | table,discuss | bần | poor |
bán | sell | bẩn | dirty |
bạn | friend | bận | busy |